Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

                        Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie born on 15 September 1977 is a Nigerian novelist, writer of short stories, and nonfiction.

• Her collection :-

       Novels :-

• purple hibiscus (2003)
• Half of a yellow sun (2006)
• Americamah (2013)

      Short story :-

• The thing around your neck (2009)

1) Talks on important of story / literature


                in 2008,adichie was awarded a macarthur genius grant. she was described in the times literary supplement as "the most prominent" of a " procession of critically acclaimed young Anglophone authors is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to Africa literature." her most recent book, dear ljeawele, or a feminist manifesto in fifteen suggestions, was published in march 2017. According to me chimamanda Adiche's speaking skills is wonderful and she speaks very clearly. in this vedio chimamanda adiche  talls the story of how she found her authentic cultural voice and warns that if we hear only a single story of about another person or country. she talks about many things like: character, novel, books, coutry, place, culture, nature, she talks about "the things fall apart" written by chinua achebe. 


2) We should all be feminist


                We should all be feminists is a book-length essay by the Nigerian author chimamanda ngozi adichie. first published in 2014 by fourth estate, it aims to give a definition of feminism for the 21st century. we should all be feminists includes anecdotes and analyses about what it means to be a feminist. she argues that "feminist" isn't an insult, but rather a label that should be embraced by all. second video about the feminism. a very interesting talk on feminism that how social norms discriminate woman from men.

• she talked about physical differences. but that is not important.
• but masculine leads more than the creative, innovative.
• people told boy to be hard, not to feel fear.
• for the society a woman fails in marriage it means personal failure.
• weight of gender expectations
• socialization of gender roles
• caring child is responsibility of both man and woman.
• female should not be apologise to be  female.
• in marriage for man it sacrificing of clubs where as for woman it islike giving up of all the things.
• man has to think more than woman
• culture subordinates the woman but people makes culture.

3) Talk on important of truth in post truth era

•  Chimamanda adichie talk on truth and lie.
•  Truth is more important.
•  she shares her experience of lying in hospital in front of a    doctor about her height.
•  another is about traffic.
•  develop a courage to speak truth...
•  lie in politics consider as appropriate in America.
•  courage to embrace the truth
•  telling truth not because it always work out but you sleep well at night.
•  bending towards truth and to air on the side of truth.
•  not stop self to telling truth.
•  in politics telling truth will be courageous act.
•  never silence your self out of fear that the truth you speak might provoke.
• listen to the other side at least the reasonable other side.
• keep on trying if it doesn't work out try something else.
•  importance of self doubt and self belief.   

Thank you

  

Activity on Dryden's Essay

 

Q-1)  Do You Find any difference between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of play? 

Ans :- Yes there is vast difference between Aristotle's definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of the play.

• Definition of tragedy :-

                    "Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in the language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; though pity and fear effecting the proper purgation-catharsis of these and similar emotions".

• Definition of play :-

                     just and lively image of human nature, representing its passions and humors, and the changes of fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of mankind. it is not slavish imitation, but imaginative creation that Dryden means by 'just' and 'lively' image of human nature.

Q 2)  If you are supposed to give your personal prediction,

would you be on the side of the Ancient or the modern? 

Ans :- This question is as-who comes first chicken or egg ? it is really hard to take side of any one, because 'nobody is better in one or another way they are better in their own way'. ancients established the three unities. ancients haven't any models before them but in the side of modern they are standing on the shoulders of ancient. moderns are following classical and neo- classicals. both have their own limitations like in ancient tragedians are separate from comedians whereas in moderns same person can rome between tragedy and comedy also ancients were also did not follow their own views like three unities etc.


Q-3) Do you think that the arguments presented in favor of the French plays and against English plays are appropriate?


Ans :-  yes I think the arguments presented in favor of the English play against French plays are appropriate because, in English play with 3 unity emotion, seriousness have come the play have the subplot.


Q-4) What would be your preference so far as apoetic or prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play?


Ans :- I like poetry because dialogues of poetry are psychological and gives better understanding of human nature and the work of human mind. but it is also true that poetic language is hard to understand, for illiterate also and prosaic dialogues are easy to understand by every people.








Thank you

 

Edmund Spenser

                         Edmund Spenser was born in 1552 London. Edmund Spenser was probably the son of john Spenser. as a young boy, he was educated in London at the merchant taylors' school and matriculated as a Sizar at Pembroke college, Cambridge. while at Cambridge he became a friend of Gabriel Harvey and later consulted him, despite their differing views on poetry.    

                       In july 1580, Spenser went to Ireland in service of the newly appointed lord deputy, Arthur grey, 14th baron de wilton. some time between 1587 and 1589, spenser acquired his main estate at kilcolman, near doneraile in north cork.
             In 1590, Spenser brought out the first three books of his most famous work, the faerie queene, having travelled to London to publish and promote the work, with the likely assistance of Raleigh.
            Spenser's first wife had died, and in that year he married Elizabeth Boyle, who was much younger than him, possible his native county.in 1596, Spenser wrote a prose pamphlet titled a view of the present state of Ireland.in 1598, during the nine years war, Spenser was driven from his home by the native irish forces of Aodh o Neill. his castle at kilcolman was burned, and ben Jonson, who may have had private information, asserted that one of his infant children died in the blaze.
           In the year after being driven from his home, 1599, Spenser travelled to London, where he died at the age of forty-six "for want of bread", according to ben Jonson one of Jonson's more doubtful statements, since Spenser had a payment to him Authorised by the government and was due his pension. his second wife survived him and remarried twice. his sister Sarah, who had accompanied him to Ireland, married into the travers family, and her descendants were prominent landowners in cork for centuries.


                       Minor poem :                        
                            Next to his masterpiece the Shepherd's calendar   (  1579 ) is the best known for Spenser's poem. It consists of twelve pastoral poem.

                         His theme of writing are generally rural life, nature, love in the field.
       
                Other noteworthy poems are " Mother Hubbard's tale" a satire on society. "Astrophel" an elegy on the death of Sidney , the marriage hymn " Epithalamion " and four "Hymns " on love, beauty, heavenly love and heavenly beauty.

Characteristics of his poetry :

    1. A perfect melody.
    2. A rare sense of beauty.
    3. A splendid imagination.
    4. A lofty moral purity and  seriousness.                         
     5. A delicate idealism.
   
           Because of his contribution in English literature we can say that in true manner he is poet of poet.

  
 

https://www.slideshare.net/mansiUpadhyay17/presentationspaper1 https://www.slideshare.net/mansiUpadhyay17/presentationspaper2 https://www.slideshare.net/mansiUpadhyay17/presentationspaper3 https://www.slideshare.net/mansiUpadhyay17/presentationspaper4

Paradise lost

Paradise lost

                The paradise lost is written in 12 books. The idea of this is come from the story of creation. book 9 is a climax of the story of paradise lost.

Question:1  write a critical note on character of Eve.

         
  Ans:1  Eve is the second human created by god, who takes one of Adam's ribs and shapes it into a female form of Adam. Not the traditional model of a good wife, Milton's Eve is often unwilling to be submissive towards Adam. she is the more intelligent of the two and more curious about external ideas than her husband. Though happy, she longs for knowledge, specifically for self-knowledge.(Her first act in existence is to turn away from Adam to look at and ponder her own reflection.) Eve is beautiful and though she loves Adam she may feel suffocated by his constant presence. in book IX, she convinces Adam to separate for a time and work in different parts of the garden. in her solitude, she is tempted by satan to sin againts god by eating of the tree of knowledge. soon thereafter, Adam follows Eve in sopport of her act.

Question: 2 Whose argument did you find more convincing ? 

Ans: 2 In milton's paradise lost book 9, i find three characters more lively.

• Eve
• Adam
• Satan                               

According to my view Adam's argument is more convincing, because Eve is easily tempted by satan than Adam.Satan having compast the earth,with meditated guile returns as a mist by night into paradise,enters into the serpent sleeping.Adam and Eve in the morning go forth to thir labours, which eve proposes to divide in several not, alledging the danger, lest that enemy, of whom they were forewarn'd, should attempt her found alone; eve loath to be thought not circumspect or firm enough, urges her going apart, the rether desirous to make tryal of her strength; adam at last yields: the serpent finds her alone; his subtle approach, first gazing, then speaking, with much flattery extolling eve above all other creatures.

He can't easily accept her argument for separation. but after some debate he yields to eve's argument, not because her argument is better but, he does not want to hurt her feeling. always adam shows the proper reapect and relationship in graceful speech and manners.

After when eve comes to adam and  force him to eat fruit at that time also adam makes argument with eve and feels grief for their separation.

"She gave him of that fair enticing fruit with liberal hand.he scrupled not to eat, againt his better knowledge not deceived."

"best are all things as the will of god ordained them; his creating hand nothing imperfect or deficient left of all that he created much less man, or aught that might his happy state secure, secure from outward force, within himself the danger lies yet lies within his power; againt his will he can receive no harm. but good left free the will; for what obeys reason is free; and reason he made right?"

Question: 3 How do you look at divine perspective in the genesis of the holy bible and human perspective in john milton's paradise lost book Ix?

Ans: 3 The holy bible and book Ix from paradise lost. john milton proposed in 'argument' to 'justify' the ways of god to men'.in fact, he moves on the justify 'man's ways in this world'. in 'genisis', the 'fall' is narrated from god's perspective. obviously,god is the center of bible. the characters of adam and eve are flat, lifeless and mere puppet.They do not have any emotion or feeling or voice. the satan-serpent tempted eve, eve tempted adam and the fall happened. god emerged and punished all three.
In genesis the fall is narrated from god's perspective. the character of eve adam and  satan are flat and emotionless. many questions remain unanswered in god's justice.
In milton's paradise lost book 9 we find the same story told from human perspective.we find eve eat the fruit was to gain knowledge to know good and evil.to giving intention is in favor of human rather than god.  

LAGAAN MOVIE REVIEW

LAGAAN MOVIE REVIEW

• First of all, i did not know the meaning of lagaan, but after seening the movie, i knew what is lagaan mean.
• 15 august we are watching bollywood movie lagaan. after watching the movie i give my review. bollywood in the best movie is lagaan. all actors are very good actors. indianism has been shown inside the movie.
•  story based on 1893 "chapaner". this story protegonist isa normal farmers son become a leader and solve the problem of village.
• In this movie we find triangle of love story. in this movie find caste system,also we find that the our indian typical moralities for caste.

• The film is set in the victorian period of india's colonial British raj. the story revolves around a small village whose inhabitants,burdened by high taxes, find themselves in an extraordinary situation as an arrogant officer challenges them to a game of cricket as a wager to avoid the taxes. the narrative spins around this situation as the villagers face the arduous task of learning the alien game and playing for a result that will change their village's destiny.   

• Theory:-

1. ) Post colonialism 
2. ) Nationalism
3. ) Indianess
4. ) patriarcy
5. ) cricket as metaphor
6. ) subaltern
7. ) Rural india
8. ) Teamwork and leadership

• The  movie," lagaan: once upon a time in india", also known as "lagaan", took place during the age of the enlightenment. indians began to feel a sense of nationalism during the time period and rebelled against oppressive british control.during the movie, indian villagers under the leadership of bhuvan, the main character, oppose british's taxation system. Throughout "lagaan", bhuvan finds himself caught between two lovers: an indian village girl named gauri and a helpful british girl named Elizabeth. although the women come from very distinct cultures, they both rebel against powerful men to support bhuvan in his journey against british tax imposers, eventually falling in love with him in the process.
• In the beginning of the movie there is a situation of drought but at the end of the movie rain is also coming. and this problem also solved at the end of the movie. in the movie happy ending is there.    

POST TRUTH

Post truth Thinking Activity

•  post truth is a new word for me.The oxford dictionaries word of the year 2016 is 'post truth'.

• The oxford dictionaries word of the year 2016 is a post-truth -an adjective defined as 'relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief '.

• post-truth has gone from being a peripheral term to being a mainstay in political commentary, now often being used by major publications without the need for clarification or definition in their headlines.

• oxford dictionaries says post-truth is thought to have been first used in 1992.

• Example: sometimes people disagree with some rules and regulations.That's why they commentson this condition.they shares their disagreement with another person. and finally it becomes large movement.