I.A.Richard : Figurative Language

I.A.Richard : Figurative Language

                           Ivor Armstrong Richards born 26 February 1893 and death 7 September 1979. I.A.Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician whose work contributed to the foundations of the new criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory, which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object. 

                         Ivor Armstrong Richards is pioneer in the domain of new criticism.

His most famous works:

1) The meaning of meaning

2) The principles of literary criticism 

3) The practical criticism

     Here i discuss about practice criticism or Figurative language.

A) Four kinds of meaning

B) Two uses of language

C) on simile, metaphor, symbol

I applied his theory on this poem

 મારી આંખે કંકુના સૂરજ આથમ્યા ….

મારી વે’લ શંગારો વીરા, શગને સંકોરો
રે અજવાળાં પહેરીને ઊભા શ્વાસ!
         મારી આંખે કંકુના સૂરજ આથમ્યા ….

પીળે રે પાંદે લીલા ઘોડા ડૂબ્યા;
ડૂબ્યાં અલકાતાં રાજ, ડૂબ્યાં મલકાતાં કાજ
રે હણહણતી મેં સાંભળી સુવાસ!
         મારી આંખે કંકુના સૂરજ આથમ્યા ….

મને રોકે પંછાયો એક ચોકમાં;
અડધા બોલે ઝાલ્યો; અડધો ઝાંઝરથી ઝાલ્યો
મને વાગે સજીવી હળવાશ!
         મારી આંખે કંકુના સૂરજ આથમ્યા ….

         – રાવજી પટેલ

                       When we read word by word this poem there are not get proper meaning in the poem. so this poem very problematic to read word by word. another thing is that poet used effective and figurative language like as, 'kanku', 'vahel', 'shag', anjvala'...etc. may be, post used this all this word connected with death and marriage because when people died during that time used all that thing as same as marriage time. but i can't say this is proper interpretation of poem. here poet used archetypes things symbolically. thus, i have say that we automatically put in difficultly to understand the concept of poem.

Thank You